Wednesday, April 17, 2013

Employer-Employee Relationship in H1B Context

As I answer questions on MyAttorneyUSA, AVVO and LawQA, I frequently run into a situation when I am contacted by an individual who had not been allowed entry into the United States at the airport, despite having had a valid, properly issued H1B visa. After having been subjected to intense and somewhat technical questioning by the CBP officers on secondary inspection, the individuals are then found inadmissible, saw their visas canceled and, if they were lucky, offered an option to withdraw their application for admission in lieu of the expedited removal and five years of inadmissibility that follows in a case of such removal. They are told correctly that such withdrawal would allow them to avoid the five-year inadmissibility bar.

The reason for the trend has to do with the guidance issued by USCIS in the Memorandum dated January 8, 2010 authored by Donald Neufeld, Associate Director of the USCIS’s Service Center Operations. The Memo radically changed USCIS’s position on the types of relationship that, according to this new interpretation, represented a bona fide employer-employee relationship within the meaning of the H1B visa program. Though referenced as “clarification,” the Memo in essence substantial shifted the Agency’s position on the issue. The new interpretation of the phrase “employer-employee relationship” dramatically reduced the number of situations, which would now qualify as a legitimate employer-employee relationship in the H1B context. The Memo addressed a wide range of situations including independent contractors, self-employed beneficiaries, and beneficiaries placed at third-party worksites situations and draw rigid lines in the sand.

Mr, Neufled set forth very specific requirements which now applied to an employer who sought to hire a “specialty occupation” temporary “employee.” In so doing, the Service substantially limited a number of associations, which now qualified as employer-employee relationships. The Memo also provided some examples of valid as well as not valid relationships. Thus, USCIS determination as to the existence of a valid employer employee relationship now hinges on the employer’s right to control the means and manner in which the work is performed. 

Mr. Neufeld listed quite a laundry list of factors the adjudicating officer would considered in making a determination whether the petitioner-employer indeed possessed the right to control the beneficiary, ”including the manner and extent to which the petitioner actually supervises the beneficiary; the petitioner’s right to control the beneficiary’s daily work and work product; and the petitioner’s right to hire, pay and fire the beneficiary.  Accordingly, adjudicators must review the totality of circumstances when making a final determination of whether the employer-employee relationship exists.”

Mr. Neufeld also offered some insight as to the types of evidence the Service would view as related to establishing that an employer-employee relationship existed and would continue to exist throughout the duration of the requested H-1B validity period.  The press release on the USCIS website pointed out that such evidence would ” include a complete itinerary of services or engagements, a signed employment agreement with the beneficiary, and/or relevant portions of valid contracts statements of work, work orders, or service agreements with the end-user client.”

Please visit the nyc immigration lawyers website for further information. The Law Offices of Grinberg & Segal, PLLC focuses vast segment of its practice on immigration law. This steadfast dedication has resulted in thousands of immigrants throughout the United States.

Lawyer website: http://myattorneyusa.com

Immigration Reform – How Will it Happen?

On April 12, 2013, a bipartisan group of eight Senators unveiled legislation that offers the most radical change of the nation's immigration laws in nearly thirty years. Here is what they propose: At present, there are approximately 11 million illegal immigrants in this country. Most of them are hard-working people of good moral character, who have never been in trouble with the law. Such people could apply for a green card after 10 years of maintaining their good moral character, while in a provisional status, and then they will be able to file for naturalization (citizenship) in three years. Young people, who have benefited under the Dream Act provisions will be able to obtain green cards in five years, and be naturalized immediately thereafter.

It is proposed that such applicants will have to pay a $1,000 fine, have their income taxes paid for all of the years of their presence in the USA, learn English, maintain their employment and pass a criminal background check.

The proposed reform will cover all immigrants, who have arrived in the USA before January 1, 2012.
At the same time, the Border Security of the country will be improved by additional and improved fencing, hiring of 3,500 additional customs agents and new and improved surveillance drones. These efforts will primarily be directed at the southwest border with Mexico, where most of the illegal border crossings occur each year.The program will provide for additional funding to the DHS, if necessary, to ensure the most stringent measures of prevention of illegal border crossings into the USA. Also, a system will be put in place, to better monitor timely departures of all temporary foreign visitors or workers, so they would be prevented from overstaying their visas.

Within five years, all of the U.S. employers will be obligated to use the “E-verify” tracking system to make sure that all the workers they employ are legal residents. All legal resident non-citizen workers will be issued proper biometric documentation, to enable them to comply with the “E-verify” requirements.

It is planned, that employers who have large numbers of highly skilled engineers and computer programmers, working on H1B Visas will have to pay higher salaries, and higher government filing fees. At the same time, the Visa cap for highly skilled professionals would rise from 65,000 to 110,000, and then as high as 180,000 in future years.

A new visa program for low-skilled foreigners is planned to begin in 2015. At the start, only 20,000 visas per year will be available, but by 2019 the number of visas is proposed to increase to 75,000 per year. It is possible that the number of such visas will increase to 200,000 per year after the year of 2020. A new federal bureau will be created to analyze foreign guest-worker employment data. This program also allows for a “Safety-valve” for additional visas for workers, whose employers will pay higher wages. Agricultural workers will be limited to 337,000 visas over a three year period.

Family visa programs will undergo a tremendous overhaul. U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents will be equaled under the new law, and an unlimited number of visas will be immediately available to their foreign children, parents and spouses. Complete elimination of certain categories of visas eighteen months after the proposed law takes effect: those for foreign siblings of U.S. citizens and for married children over 30 years of age.

Instead of the Diversity Lottery system, employed at this time, a new merit-based point system is proposed for implementation. This system will do away with the randomness of the lottery, focusing instead on family ties and work skills of the applicants.

View the Gang of eight proposal.

Please visit the nyc immigration lawyers website for further information. The Law Offices of Grinberg & Segal, PLLC focuses vast segment of its practice on immigration law. This steadfast dedication has resulted in thousands of immigrants throughout the United States.

Lawyer website: http://myattorneyusa.com

Tuesday, April 16, 2013

Agreement Reached in National Class Action Lawsuit

Work Authorization for Asylum Seekers

The Department of Homeland Security is notoriously slow. Often times, asylum seekers have to wait for six months or more for a decision in their applications. What makes matters worse for these applicants, is that their employment authorization applications were frequently denied. These asylum seekers were unlawfully prevented from obtaining legal employment and providing support for themselves and their families, while waiting for the adjudication of their claims.

In December of 2011, a nationwide class action lawsuit was filed on behalf of the many deserving asylum applicants, challenging the issues of the “asylum clock”. The “clock” is the system the government uses to ascertain when asylum applicants may obtain their lawful employment authorization documents.

The advocates, representing the countrywide group of immigrants, asserted that the current system unlawfully denies asylum seekers the opportunity to be issued employment authorization documents, if the decisions in their asylum applications have been pending for six months or more. Many applicants end up waiting for months on end, or even for up to ten years for a decision to be made on their asylum application. Such situation was intolerable, because most asylum applicants have fled their home countries in fear for their lives, and without any financial resources, and have no means to support themselves and their families.

Ms. Mary Kenney, Senior Staff Attorney with the Legal Action Center of the American Immigration Lawyers Association said the following: “The settlement agreement includes significant changes to ensure that vulnerable asylum-seekers are no longer arbitrarily deprived of the ability to work while the government decides their cases,”

The settlement agreement, filed April 12, 2013 in a federal district court in Washington State, is awaiting a final approval of the judge overseeing the case. American Immigration Lawyers Association has made an this announcement yesterday, April 15, 2013.

View Press Release

Please visit the nyc immigration lawyers website for further information. The Law Offices of Grinberg & Segal, PLLC focuses vast segment of its practice on immigration law. This steadfast dedication has resulted in thousands of immigrants throughout the United States.

Lawyer website: http://myattorneyusa.com